In August 2012, in Buenaventura Port, Tecsa, a subcontractor of the Sociedad Portuaria, refused to negotiate the demands presented by the port workers’ union Unión Portuaria, calling for equal rights in terms of wages and direct contracts for workers employed via intermediary companies for over five years. Tesca dismissed 117 subcontracted workers who had called for direct hire; all were African-Colombians and union members.