Cases of dismissal or harassment for trade union activity are reported each year. However, due to the difficulties establishing anti-discrimination, litigation against employers for this offence remains a weak tool for victimised workers. The Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU) has been critical of the lack of effective protection against anti-union discrimination in Hong Kong, evidenced by the low number of complaints filed by the Labour Department and the even lower number of successful cases against employers - not more than two since 1997.